JINYOUNG KIM, DC

Module 1-11: MRI & X-ray Interpretation of the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, Hand, Hip, Knee and Foot. Identifying normal anatomy on both MRI and X-ray, inclusive of osseous, connective tissue, and neurological structures. Identifying fractures in the adult and pediatric cases. Differential diagnosing various arthritic etiologies of osseous derangement. Differentially diagnosing various arthritic changes vs benign and metastatic tumors.

Documenting herniated discs, Age-dating disc pathology, and connective tissue pathology as Sequella to Trauma. Understanding flexion-extension cervical injuries. Determining Impairment and the literature-based standard for permanent injuries. Related Migraines-Headaches & Strain/Sprain Permanencies.

AO updates, Case studies and Pre & Post MRI studies

Module 1: An in-depth overview of traumatic brain injury in concussion. It discusses that all brain injuries are traumatic and dispels the myth of a "mild traumatic brain injury". Also, this covers triage protocols and the potential sequela of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Module 2: Gross traumatic brain injuries from trauma and significant bleeding with both epidural and subdural hematomas. There are numerous case studies reviewed inclusive of neurosurgical intervention and postsurgical outcomes. Module 3: Multiple case studies of gross traumatic brain injuries from trauma requiring neurosurgical intervention and also discusses recovery sequela based upon the significant of brain trauma. Concussion protocols in traumatic brain injury short of demonstrable bleeding on advanced imaging. Module 4: Concussion and Electroencephalogram testing. The significance of electroencephalogram testing in determining brain function and pathology. Understanding of waveforms in both normal and abnormal scenarios. Module 5: Concussion and Electroencephalogram testing Pathological Results. Amplitude, conduction and conduction delays a sequela to traumatic brain injury to diagnose concussion and traumatic brain injury in the absence of gross bleeding and advanced imaging.

Module 1: Diagnostic Dilemmas and connective tissue Morphology. Triage and Connective Tissue Injuries and Wound Repair, Triaging the injured and differentially diagnosing both the primary and secondary complaints. Connective tissue injuries and wound repair morphology focusing on the aberrant tissue replacement and permanency prognosis potential. Module 2: Ligament anatomy and injury research and spinal kinematics, Spinal ligamentous anatomy and research focusing on wound repair, future negative sequelae of abnormal tissue replacement and the resultant aberrant kinematics and spinal biomechanics of the spine. Module 3: Spinal Biomechanics, Central Nervous System and Spinal Disc Nomenclature, The application of spinal biomechanical engineering models in trauma and the negative sequelae it has on the central nervous system inclusive of the lateral horn, periaqueductal grey matter, thalamus and cortices involvement. Module 4: Biomechanics of Traumatic Disc bulge and Age Dating Herniated Disc Pathology. Age-dating spinal disc pathology in accordance with Wolff's Law. Module 5: Spinal Trauma Pathology, Clinical grand rounds, The review of case histories of mechanical spine pathology and biomechanical failures inclusive of case histories clinical findings and x-ray and advanced imaging studies. Assessing comorbidities in the triage and prognosis of the injured. Module 6: Spinal Trauma Pathology, Research and documentation Review of biomechanical failure, ligamentous failure and age-dating disc pathology.

Differentially diagnosing mild traumatic brain injury vs. Traumatic brain injury and the clinical and imaging protocols required to conclude and accurate diagnosis for head trauma.

Part1-Module #1: Cartesian Coordinate System for the history to the application in the human body. Explanation of the x,y and z axes in the both translation and rotations and how they are applicable to human biomechanics. Part1-Module #2: Cervical Pathobiomechanics, Spinal biomechanical engineering of the cervical and upper thoracic spine. This include the normal and pathobiomechanical movement of both the anterior and posterior motor units and normal function and relationship of the intrinsic musculature to those motor units. Nomenclature in reporting normal and pathobiomechanical findings of the spine. Part 1 Module #3: Lumbar Pathobiomechanics, Spinal biomechanical engineering of the lumbar spine. This includes the normal and phathobiomechanical movement of both the anterior and posterior motor units and normal function and relationship of the intrinsic musculature to those motor units. Part 1 Module #4: Spinal Biomechanics in Trauma, To utilize whiplash associated disorders in various vectors of impact and whiplash mechanisms in determining pathobiomechanics. To clinically correlate annular tears, disc herniations, fractures, ligament pathology and spinal segmental instability as sequellae to pathobiomechanics from trauma. The utilization of digital motion x-ray in diagnosing normal versus abnormal facet motion along with case studies to understand the clinical application. Part 2 Module #1: Spinal Biomechanical Engineering & Organization Analysis, Integrating spinal biomechanics and pathobiomechanics through digitized analysis. The comparison of organized versus disorganized compensation with regional and global compensation. Correlation of the vestibular, ocular and proprioceptive neurological integration in the righting reflex as evidenced in imaging. Digital and numerical algorithm in analyzing a spine. Part 2 Module #2: Cervical Digital Analysis, Digitizing and analyzing the cervical spine in neutral, flexion and extension views to diagnose pathobiomechanics. This include alteration of motion segment integrity (AMOSI) in both angular and translational movement. Ligament instability/failure/pathology are identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies to analyze pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm. Part 2 Module#3: Lumbar Digital Analysis, Digitalizing and analyzing the lumbar spine images to diagnose pathobiomechanics. This includes anterior and posterior vertebral body elements in rotational analysis with neutral, left and right lateral bending in conjunction with gate analysis. Ligament instability/failure/pathology is identified all using numerical values and models. Review of case studies for analysis of pathobiomechanics using a computerized/numerical algorithm along with corrective guidelines. Part 2 Module #4: Full Spine Digital Analysis, Digitalizing and analyzing full spine images to diagnose pathobiomechanics as sequellae to trauma in relation to ligamentous failure and disc and vertebral pathology as sequellae. This includes anterior and posterior vertebral body elements in rotational analysis with neutral, left and right lateral bending in conjunction with gate analysis.

Module 1: Terms, Concepts & Definitions, The forces in physics that prevail in accidents to cause bodily injury. Quantifying the force coefficients of vehicle mass and force vectors that can be translated to the occupant and subsequently cause serious injury. Module 2: Causality, Bodily Injury, Crumble Zones, Force & Critical Documentation, Factors that cause negative acceleration to zero and the subsequent forces created for the vehicle that get translated to the occupant. Understanding critical documentation of hospitals, ambulance reports, doctors and the legal profession in reconstructing an accident. Module 3: Skid Marks, Time, Distance, Velocity & Speed Formulars and Road Surfaces, The mathematical calculations necessary utilizing time, distance, speed, coefficients of friction and acceleration in reconstructing an accident. The application of the critical documentation acquired from an accident site. Module 4: Research, Causality & Bodily Injury, Delta V issues correlated to injury and mortality, side impact crashes and severity of injuries, event data recorder reports correlated to injury, frontal impact kinematics, crash injury metrics with many variable and inquiries related to head restraints.

Module 1: Anatomy and Physiology of Electrodiagnostics: An in-depth review of basic neuro-anatomy and physiology dermatomes and myotomes to both the upper and lower extremities and the neurophysiology of axons and dendrites along with the myelin and function of saltatory for conduction. The sodium and potassium pump's function in action potentials. Module 2: Nerve Conduction Part 1: Nerve conduction velocity testing, the equipment required and the specifics of motor and sensory testing. This section covers the motor and sensory NCV procedures and interpretation including latency, amplitude (CMAP) physiology and interpretation including the understanding of the various nuances of the wave forms. Module 3: Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) Part 2: Compound motor action potentials (CMAP) and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) testing and interpretation including the analysis and diagnosis of the wave forms. It also covers compressive neuropathies of the median, ulnar and posterior tibial nerves: known as carpal tunnel, cubital tunnel and tarsal tunnel syndromes. This section offers interpretation algorithms to help understand the neurodiagnostic conclusions. Module 4: Needle Electromyogram (EMG) studies: The EMG process, inclusive of how the test is performed and the steps required in planning and electromyographic study. This covers the spontaneous activity of a motor unit action potential, positive sharp waves and fibrillations. The insertional activity (both normal and abnormal), recruitment activity in a broad polyphasic presentation and satellite potentials. This covers the diagnosing of patterns of motor unit abnormalities including neuropathic demyelinated neuropathies along with acute myopathic neuropathies. This section also covers the rulling out of false positive and false negative results. Module 5: Overview of EMG and NCV Procedures, Results, Diagnoses and Documentation. The clinical incorporation of electrodiagnostic studies as part of a care plan where neuropathology is suspected. It also covers how to use electrodiagnostics in a collaborative environment between the chiropractor as the primary spine care provider and the surgeon, when clinically indicated. This section covers sample cases and health conclude and accurate treatment plans based upon electro-neurodiagnostic findings when clinically indicated.

Module 1 Stroke Anatomy and Physiology Part 1: Brain Vascular Anatomy, The anatomy and physiology of the brain and how blood perfusion effects brain function. A detailed analysis of the blood supply to the brain and the physiology of ischemia. To determine the anatomy and physiology of brain hemodynamics and stroke types. Module 2: Stroke Anatomy and Physiology Part 2: Stroke Types and Blood Flow, Various types of stroke identifying ischemia, hypoperfusion, infarct and penumbra zones and emboli. Cardiac etiologies and clinical features as precursor to stroke with associated paradoxical emboli and thrombotic etiologies. Historical and co-morbidities that have etiology instroke inclusive of diabetes, coagulopathy, acquired and hereditary deficiencies. To understand stroke types and etiologies both historical and historical risk factors. Module 3: Stroke Principles of Treatment an Overview for the Primary Care Provider, Stroke type and treatments performed by vascular specialists. The goals of treatment with the physiology of the infarct and penumbra zone and the role of immediate triage in the primary care setting. Detailing the complications of stroke and future care in the chiropractic, primary care or manual medicine clinical setting. Module 4: Clinical Evaluation & Protocols for Identifying Stroke Risk, The neurological history and examination for identifying stroke risks with a focus on supra and infratentorial regions, upper and lower motor lesions, cranial nerve signs, spinal cord pathology, motor and sensory pathology and gait abnormalities. Examining genetic and family histories along with dissection risk factors. Stroke orthopedic testing and clinical guidelines pertaining to triage for the primary care provider.

Module 1: The Basics of Orthopedic Testing: Principles, Clinical Application and Triage, Integration of orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Module 2: Cervical Spine Part 1, Integration of cervical orthopedic testing in the clinical setting to develop a differential diagnosis. Utilizing radiographic and advanced imaging inclusive of MRI and CAT scan findings to verify tissue pathology suspected by orthopedic testing conclusions and developing a treatment plan as sequelae. Module 3: Cervical Spine Part 2 Module 4: Lumbar Spine Module 5: Clinical Grand Rounds, how to integrate orthopedic testing in the clinical setting utilizing both simple and complex patient scenarios It includes potential stroke, or vertebrobasilar insufficient patients and understanding the nuances in a clinical evaluation with orthopedic testing as a critical part of the evaluation and screening process. How to integrate orthopedic testing in the clinical setting utilizing both simple and complex patient scenarios.

An extensive understanding of the physics involved in the transference of energy from the bullet car to the tartget car. The includes G's of force, newtons, gravity, energy, skid marks, crumple zones, spring factors, event data recorder and the graphing of the movement of the vehicle before, during and after the crash.

Physiology and indications for the Trauma patient, MRI interpretation, physiology, history and clinical indications, bone scan interpretation, physiology and clinical indications, x-ray clinical indications for the trauma patient.

Electromyography (EMG), Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV), Somato Sensory Evoked Potential (SSEP), Visual Evoked Potential (VEP0, Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAER) and Visual-Electronystagnosgraphy (V-ENG) interpretation, protocols and clinical indications for the trauma patient.

Understanding the necessity for accurate documentation and diagnosis utilizing the ICD and the CPT to accurately describe the injury through diagnosis. Understanding and utilizing state regulations on reimbursement issue pertaining to healthcare.

Understanding the necessity for accurate documentation, diagnosis and clinical correlation to the injury when reporting injuries in the medical-legal community. Documenting the kinesiopathology, myopathology, neuropathology and pathophysiology in both a functional and structural paradigm.

Spine, neurological sequelae, migraine, sexual dysfunction, sleep and arousal disorders, station and gait disorders and consciousness are detailed for impairment rating. Herniated discs, radiculopathy, fracture, dislocation and functional loss are also detailed in relation to impairment ratings.

Magnetic fields, T1 and T2 relaxations, nuclear spins, phase encoding, spin echo, T1 and T2 contrast, magnetic properties of metals and the historical perspective of the creation of NMR and MRI.

Normal Anatomy of axial and sagittal views utilizing T1, T2, 3D gradient and STIR sequences of Imaging. Standardized and desired protocols in views and sequencing of MRI examination to create an accurate diagnosis in MRI.

MRI Interpretation of bulged, herniated, protruded, extruded, sequestered and fragmented disc pathologies in etiology and neurological sequelae in relationship to the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots.

MRI interpretation of bone, intradural, cord and neural sleeve lesions. Tuberculosis, drop lesions, metastasis, ependymoma,schwanoma and numerous other spinal related tumors and lesions.

MRI interpretation sequencing of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine inclusive of T1, T2, STIR and 3D gradient studies to ensure the accurate diagnosis of the region visualized.

The clinical application of the results of space occupying lesions. Disc and tumor pahtologies and the clinical indications of manual and adjustive therapies in the patient with spinal nerve root and spinal cord insult as sequelae.

MRI Protocols Clinical Necessity, MRI Slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images. Clniical Indication for the utilization of MRI and pathologies of disc in both trauma and non-trauma sequellae, including bulge, hermination, protrusion, extrusion and sequestration.

MRI slices, Views, T1, T2, STIR axial, Stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of lumbar degeneration. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. Central Canal and cauda equina compromise interpretation with management.

Morphology of lumbar disc pathologies of central and lateral herniations, protrusions, extrusions, sequestration, focal and broad based herniations are defined and illustrated. Central canal and cauda equina compromise interpretation with management.

MRI Slices, views, T1, T2, STIR axial, stacking, FFE, FSE and sagittal images in the interpretation of cervical degeneration. With the co-morbidities and complications of stenosis, pseudo-protrusions, cantilevered vertebrate, Schmorl's nodes and herniations. Spinal cord and canal compromise interpretation with management.

Neurology of Ligament Pathology- Normal Morphology and Tissue Damage, Connective tissue morphology, embryology and wound repair as sequalae to trauma. Full Components of Strain-sprain models and permanency implications with would repair and osseous aberration with aberrant structural integrity.

Neurology of Ligament Pathology-Spinal Biomechanics and Disc Pathology, Disc Pathology as sequella to trauma; herniation, extrusion, protrusion, sequestration and how the spinal unit as one system creates homeostasis to balance the pathology.

Neurology of Ligament Pathology-Neurological Innervation, The peripheral and central innervation of the disc and spinal ligaments of the dorsal root ganglion, spinal thalamic tracts, perIaqueductal gray areas innervating the Thalamus and multiple regions of the brain. The efferent neurological distribution to disparate areas of the spine to create homeostatis until tetanus ensues creating osseous changes under the effect of Wolff's law.

An in-depth understanding of the protocols in triaging and reporting the clinical findings of the trauma patient. Maintaining ethical relationships with the medial-legal community.

An extensive understanding of the injurued with clinically coordinating the history, physical findings and when to integrate neurodiagnostics. An understanding on how to utilize emergency room records in creating an accurate diagnosis and the significant of "risk factors" in spinal injury.

Update recent articles, case studies, MRI and CSF studies.

instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization, diagnostic and therapeutic application and procedures

Comprehensive training and qulifying examination in biomechanics, occupant kinematics, clinical diagnostics and management of spinal trauma and mild traumatic brain injuries.

In depth review of the current scientific literature supporting whiplash injuries, including all factors affecting clinicals and the epidemiology of whiplash injuries

Accident reconstruction principles used in low speed rear impact collisions were reviewed and discussed.

Comprehensive and clinically narrative report construction.

Clinical preparation for deposition, arbitration and court testimony.

Medical Necessity, Spinal Instability, Up Right MRI, Pre-existing Conditions, imaging studies and low impact collisions

Certified practicing the method using a percussion wave to re-position the Atlas Vertebrae

Crash Tests, Tissue Properties, Injury Thresholds and Tissue Injuries

Atlas Orthogonal radiographic analysis and utilizing instrument.

The fundamentals of Cervical Acceleration-Deceleration and associated conditions, radiology and examination. AMA Imparirment Ratings, Medial disability, legal prodeedings and research.